FEATURED PODCAST
November 6, 2025
Ethereum Foundation's path to 10,000 TPS and Bitcoin's 51% attack risk | Justin Drake
Jack Sanford speaks with Justin Drake from the Ethereum Foundation about the security economics driving L1 infrastructure over the next decade.
Jack Sanford speaks with Justin Drake from the Ethereum Foundation about the security economics driving L1 infrastructure over the next decade.
Ethereum's path to 1 gigagas per second (10,000 TPS) runs through ZK-EVM proof systems achieving sub-12 second latencies at $0.01 per block under 10 kilowatt power envelopes. The 2027 mandatory proofs upgrade eliminates execution client requirements for validators, enabling Raspberry Pi-level hardware while 3x annual gas limit increases compound to 500x throughput by 2031.
Bitcoin's security model deteriorates with each halving. Drake's analysis: $10 billion buys sufficient mining infrastructure while perpetual futures markets hold $35 billion in aggregate short positions. "China in 2024 set up something like 200 gigawatts just of solar energy," representing 20x the 10 gigawatts required for sustained 51% attacks. Each four-year halving doubles this vulnerability absent meaningful fee markets.
Full episode covers the complete attack vector economics, ZK-EVM proving requirements, and post-quantum migration rewriting 80% of consensus code by 2028.
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